^ Hartl D, Jones E (2005)
^ Weiling F (1991). "Historical study: Johann Gregor Mendel 1822–1884". American Journal of Medical Genetics 40 (1): 1–25; discussion 26. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320400103. PMID 1887835.
^ Lamarck, J-B (2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica Online on 2008-03-16.
^ a b Mendel, GJ (1866). "Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden". Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins Brünn 4: 3–47. (in English in 1901, J. R. Hortic. Soc. 26: 1–32) translation available online
^ genetics, n., Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed.
^ Bateson W. Letter from William Bateson to Alan Sedgwick in 1905. The John Innes Centre. Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
^ genetic, adj., Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed.
^ Bateson, W (1907). "The Progress of Genetic Research". Wilks, W (editor) Report of the Third 1906 International Conference on Genetics: Hybridization (the cross-breeding of genera or species), the cross-breeding of varieties, and general plant breeding, London: Royal Horticultural Society.
Although the conference was titled "International Conference on Hybridisation and Plant Breeding", Wilks changed the title for publication as a result of Bateson's speech.
^ Moore JA (1983). "Thomas Hunt Morgan—The Geneticist". American Zoologist 23 (4): 855–865. doi:10.1093/icb/23.4.855.
^ Sturtevant AH (1913). "The linear arrangement of six sex-linked factors in Drosophila, as shown by their mode of association". Journal of Experimental Biology 14: 43–59. pdf from Electronic Scholarly Publishing
^ Avery OT, MacLeod CM, and McCarty M (1944). "Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types: Induction of Transformation by a Desoxyribonucleic Acid Fraction Isolated from Pneumococcus Type III". Journal of Experimental Medicine 79 (1): 137–158. doi:10.1084/jem.79.2.137. 35th anniversary reprint available
^ Hershey AD, Chase M (1952). "Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage". The Journal of General Physiology 36: 39–56. doi:10.1085/jgp.36.1.39. PMID 12981234.
^ Judson, Horace (1979). The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 51–169. ISBN 0-87969-477-7.
^ Watson JD, Crick FHC (1953). "Molecular structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" (PDF). Nature 171 (4356): 737–738. doi:10.1038/171737a0.
^ Watson JD, Crick FHC (1953). "Genetical Implications of the Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid" (PDF). Nature 171 (4361): 964–967. doi:10.1038/171964b0.
^ Sanger F, Nicklen S, and Coulson AR (1977). "DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors". Nature 74 (12): 5463–5467. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. PMID 271968.
^ Saiki RK, Scharf S, Faloona F, Mullis KB, Horn GT, Erlich HA, Arnheim N (1985). "Enzymatic Amplification of β-Globin Genomic Sequences and Restriction Site Analysis for Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anemia". Science 230 (4732): 1350–1354. doi:10.1126/science.2999980. PMID 2999980.
^ a b Human Genome Project Information. Human Genome Project. Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 2 (Patterns of Inheritance): Introduction
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 2 (Patterns of Inheritance): Mendel's experiments
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 3 (Chromosomal Basis of Heredity): Mendelian genetics in eukaryotic life cycles
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 4 (Gene Interaction): Interactions between the alleles of one gene
^ Richard W. Cheney. Genetic Notation. Retrieved on 2008-03-18.
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 2 (Patterns of Inheritance): Human Genetics
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 4 (Gene Interaction): Gene interaction and modified dihybrid ratios
^ Mayeux R (2005). "Mapping the new frontier: complex genetic disorders". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 115 (6): 1404–1407. doi:10.1172/JCI25421. PMID 15931374.
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 25 (Quantitative Genetics): Quantifying heritability
^ Luke A, Guo X, Adeyemo AA, Wilks R, Forrester T, Lowe W Jr, Comuzzie AG, Martin LJ, Zhu X, Rotimi CN, Cooper RS (2001). "Heritability of obesity-related traits among Nigerians, Jamaicans and US black people". Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25 (7): 1034–1041. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801650. Abstract from NCBI
^ Pearson H (2006). "Genetics: what is a gene?". Nature 441 (7092): 398–401. doi:10.1038/441398a. PMID 16724031.
^ Prescott, L (1993). Microbiology. Wm. C. Brown Publishers. 0-697-01372-3.
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 8 (The Structure and Replication of DNA): Mechanism of DNA Replication
^ Gregory SG et al. (2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature 441: 315–321. doi:10.1038/nature04727. free full text available
^ Alberts et al. (2002), DNA and chromosomes: Chromosomal DNA and Its Packaging in the Chromatin Fiber
^ a b Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 3 (Chromosomal Basis of Heredity): Mendelian genetics in eukaryotic life cycles
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 2 (Patterns of Inheritance): Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 7 (Gene Transfer in Bacteria and Their Viruses): Bacterial conjugation
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 7 (Gene Transfer in Bacteria and Their Viruses): Bacterial transformation
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 5 (Basic Eukaryotic Chromosome Mapping): Nature of crossing-over
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 5 (Basic Eukaryotic Chromosome Mapping): Linkage maps
^ Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L, Clarke ND (2002). Biochemistry, 5th edition, New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. I. 5. DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information: Amino Acids Are Encoded by Groups of Three Bases Starting from a Fixed Point
^ Crick, F (1970): Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (PDF). Nature 227, 561–563. PMID 4913914
^ Alberts et al. (2002), Proteins: The Shape and Structure of Proteins
^ Alberts et al. (2002), Proteins: Protein Function
^ How Does Sickle Cell Cause Disease?. Brigham and Women's Hospital: Information Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassemic Disorders (2002-04-11). Retrieved on 2007-07-23.
^ Imes DL, Geary LA, Grahn RA, Lyons LA (2006). "Albinism in the domestic cat (Felis catus) is associated with a tyrosinase (TYR) mutation" (Short Communication). Animal Genetics 37 (2): 175. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01409.x. Retrieved on 2006-05-29.
^ MedlinePlus: Phenylketonuria. NIH: National Library of Medicine. Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
^ Brivanlou AH, Darnell JE Jr (2002). "Signal transduction and the control of gene expression". Science 295 (5556): 813–818. doi:10.1126/science.1066355. PMID 11823631.
^ Alberts et al. (2002), Control of Gene Expression - The Tryptophan Repressor Is a Simple Switch That Turns Genes On and Off in Bacteria
^ Jaenisch R, Bird A. "Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals". Nature Genetics 33 (3s): 245–254. doi:10.1038/ng1089.
^ Chandler VL (2007). "Paramutation: From Maize to Mice". Cell 128: 641–645. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.007.
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 16 (Mechanisms of Gene Mutation): Spontaneous mutations
^ Kunkel TA (2004). "DNA Replication Fidelity". Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (17): 16895–16898. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158.
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 16 (Mechanisms of Gene Mutation): Induced mutations
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 17 (Chromosome Mutation I: Changes in Chromosome Structure): Introduction
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 24 (Population Genetics): Variation and its modulation
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 24 (Population Genetics): Selection
^ Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 24 (Population Genetics): Random events
^ Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species, 1st, John Murray, 1. . Related earlier ideas were acknowledged in Darwin, Charles (1861). On the Origin of Species, 3rd, John Murray, xiii.
^ Gavrilets S (2003). "Perspective: models of speciation: what have we learned in 40 years?". Evolution 57 (10): 2197–2215. doi:10.1554/02-727. PMID 14628909.
^ Wolf YI, Rogozin IB, Grishin NV, Koonin EV (2002). "Genome trees and the tree of life". Trends Genet. 18 (9): 472–479. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(02)02744-0. PMID 12175808.
^ The Use of Model Organisms in Instruction. University of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Outreach Research Modules. Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
^ NCBI: Genes and Disease. NIH: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
^ Davey Smith, G; Ebrahim, S (2003). "‘Mendelian randomization’: can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease?". International Journal of Epidemiology 32: 1–22. doi:10.1093/ije/dyg070. PMID 12689998.
^ Pharmacogenetics Fact Sheet. NIH: National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
^ Strachan T, Read AP (1999). Human Molecular Genetics 2, second edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.. Chapter 18: Cancer Genetics
^ Lodish et al. (2000), Chapter 7: 7.1. DNA Cloning with Plasmid Vectors
^ Lodish et al. (2000), Chapter 7: 7.7. Polymerase Chain Reaction: An Alternative to Cloning
^ Brown TA (2002). Genomes 2, 2nd edition. ISBN ISBN 1 85996 228 9. Section 2, Chapter 6: 6.1. The Methodology for DNA Sequencing
^ Brown (2002), Section 2, Chapter 6: 6.2. Assembly of a Contiguous DNA Sequence
